Diabetes is a chronic health condition characterised by elevated levels of blood sugar, either due to insufficient insulin production or the body’s inability to effectively use insulin. This widespread and growing health concern significantly impacts people globally. It not only affects individuals physically but also poses substantial challenges to their overall well-being. The consequences of diabetes are far-reaching, leading to complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney problems, nerve damage, and vision impairment. Moreover, managing diabetes often requires significant lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications, regular exercise, and, in many cases, medication or insulin therapy.
By promoting healthier lifestyles and enhancing awareness, there is an opportunity to mitigate the effects of diabetes and improve the quality of life for those affected by this prevalent condition. Here are a few ways on how we can effectively manage diabetes and lead a healthy lifestyle:
Know Your Risk Understanding your risk factors for diabetes is crucial. Factors such as family history, age, and ethnicity play a role. Regular check-ups, including blood glucose monitoring, can help identify potential risks early, enabling you to take preventive measures.
Healthy Eating Adopting a balanced and nutritious diet is a cornerstone of diabetes prevention and management. Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Limit the intake of sugary foods, saturated fats, and processed items. Monitoring portion sizes is also essential.
Stay Active Regular physical activity is a powerful tool in preventing and managing diabetes. Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. Activities such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming contribute to improved insulin sensitivity and overall health.
Regular Check-ups Routine medical check-ups, including comprehensive blood tests and assessments, are essential for monitoring blood glucose levels and overall health. Collaborate closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalised management plan.
Manage Stress Chronic stress can impact blood sugar levels. Incorporate stress-reducing techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, or yoga into your routine. Adequate sleep and relaxation are integral components of stress management. By incorporating these comprehensive measures into your lifestyle, you can take a proactive approach to prevent diabetes and effectively manage the condition if diagnosed.
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The deal looked set to rival Medtronic with Insulet and other newer entry to the patch pump space in Tandem Diabetes Care. However, in a surprising turn of events, the deal completely collapsed.
Based upon “multiple breaches,” the company notified EOFlow of its decision to terminate the deal earlier this month. Medtronic offered a statement saying that it still intended to bring a patch pump to the market and could have one in its product pipeline. EOFlow officials also later expressed their belief in the possibility of resurrecting the deal.
It’s possible that the story between the two companies remains unfinished.
The FDA clearance of the Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitor was one of the major headlines of 2022. Its launch marked one of the biggest stories of 2023.
Nick Jonas holds the next-generation G7 CGM. [Image courtesy of Dexcom]
In February, the company unveiled a Super Bowl commercial announcing the G7’s U.S. launch with musician Nick Jonas. Days later, as the launch commenced, the company also shared that Medicare offers coverage for its beneficiaries using the next-generation CGM.
“When we set out to design G7, our goal was simple: to make the most accurate, easy-to-use CGM available for as many people with diabetes as possible,” said Kevin Sayer, chair, president and CEO of Dexcom. “The approval of Medicare coverage for G7 helps us deliver on that promise.
G7 continued to generate buzz throughout the year, particularly this month. On Dec. 6, Tandem Diabetes Care announced that it launched its updated t:slim X2 insulin pump software with the G7. The integration made Tandem the first to offer automated insulin delivery with the latest-generation CGM.
As one of the big names in automated insulin delivery already, Tandem Diabetes Care took its portfolio a step further this year.
The Mobi automated insulin pump with the accompanying mobile app. [Image courtesy of Tandem Diabetes Care]
In July, the company picked up FDA clearance for its Mobi durable automated insulin delivery system. Tandem says Mobi, which is fully controllable from a mobile app, is the world’s smallest durable AID system.
Mobi can fit in a coin pocket, clip to clothing or go on the body with an adhesive sleeve. It also features Tandem’s Control-IQ technology for automated insulin delivery. Tandem said in July that it expects a full launch of the system in early 2024.
With Dexcom making strides in automated insulin integration, it’s no surprise that its main competitor in the CGM space, Abbott, is doing the same.
Insulet, a leader in insulin patch pump technology, is playing its part in that. The company said in June that it progressed in terms of giving Omnipod 5 — its latest automated insulin delivery system — users a choice over the sensor that accompanies their pump.
Currently, Omnipod 5 works in conjunction with the Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Insulet said it expects to soon begin enrollment for a clinical study integrating Omnipod 5 with the Abbott FreeStyle Libre 2 sensor.
This study aims to recruit up to 200 participants with type 1 diabetes, both in the adult and pediatric age groups. It spans the UK, France and Belgium. Insulet said it hopes to demonstrate superior efficacy with Omnipod 5 compared to multiple daily injections.
While Medtronic’s attempt to get into the patch pump market fell short of the finish line, the company still had some major wins in insulin delivery this year — namely with FDA approval granted to the next-generation MiniMed 780G automated insulin delivery system with the Guardian 4 sensor.
Elsewhere, the company’s other insulin delivery offerings progressed, too. Medtronic received CE mark approval for its new Simplera CGM with InPen smart insulin pen integration in September. The all-in-one, disposable CGM seamlessly integrates with the InPen for real-time, personalized dosing guidance to simplify diabetes management.
GLP-1 impact
The GLP-1 drug class has become a major talking point in medtech over the past year and more. This class includes now-household names like Ozempic and Wegovy. The therapeutic class, a glucagon-like peptide 1, has proven to lead to improved blood sugar control and weight loss.
In addition to the popular therapeutics, some companies — like i20 Therapeutics and Vivani Medical — are developing long-term implants that elute GLP-1s.
The question has been asked across medtech and diabetes is no different, especially given that some of these drugs are prescribed to treat the condition — what will be the real impact of GLP-1s? According to some of the biggest names in diabetes, there’s no cause for concern.
BTIG analysts hosted a call with Dr. Osama Hamdy of the Obesity Clinical Program at the Joslin Diabetes Center to discuss the GLP-1 impact. Hamdy, an Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees a minor impact on insulin pumps and a potential boom for CGMs.
Then there’s Embecta, which doesn’t yet have an insulin patch pump on the market but is intending to enter that space for the type 2 diabetes population. CEO Dev Kurdikar also sees a minor impact on that side of the business, plus he points out Embecta’s other delivery devices, like needles and syringes, could be used to deliver GLP-1s.
Much remains to be seen on the GLP-1 front, but early suggestions should allay any panic in the diabetes device space.
Medtronic and Tandem didn’t have the only major regulatory wins for insulin delivery technology this year. Beta Bionics, before the G7 integration this month, picked up FDA approval for its iLet system in May. The initial clearance covered use with the Dexcom G6.
The Beta Bionics iLet Bionic Pancreas uses an adaptive, closed-loop algorithm. It initializes only with a user’s body weight and requires no additional insulin dosing parameters. The algorithm removes the need to manually adjust insulin pump therapy settings and variables.
iLet also simplifies mealtime use by replacing conventional carb counting with a new meal announcement feature. This feature enables users to estimate the amount of carbs in their meal as “small,” “medium” or “large.” Over time, the algorithm learns to respond to users’ individual insulin needs.
Bigfoot develops the Bigfoot Unity smart insulin management system. The FDA-cleared platform simplifies continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and the data they produce. The system works exclusively with Abbott’s FreeStyle Libre CGM technology.
It features a smart insulin pen cap, which takes data from a CGM and informs the patient exactly how much insulin they need. Bigfoot Unity also includes a customer smartphone app connected to a cloud-based online portal used by healthcare providers to support patients. The system works with the FreeStyle Libre 2 sensors and all major brands of disposable insulin pens offered in the U.S.
Analysts said they weren’t surprised by the deal and view the strategic tuck-in “favorably,” saying it could accelerate Bigfoot Unity’s adoption for multiple daily injection (MDI) diabetes patients.
The big names in diabetes plugged along in 2023, but they also received some potential new competition.
Blooomberg reported in April that tech giant Apple has a “moonshot-style” project in the works. According to “sources familiar with the matter,” Apple wants to shake up the CGM market with non-invasive glucose monitoring through the Apple Watch. Bloomberg says the company still has years ahead in this development of the technology, which wouldn’t penetrate the skin.
According to the report, Apple’s project goes back more than 12 years. The company tested the glucose technology on “hundreds of people,” Bloomberg said. That includes human trials of those who don’t know if they’re diabetic, plus those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. These tests compared the technology to fingersticks, the report noted.
The initial technology, per the report, comes in the form of a prototype device (around the size of an iPhone) strapped to the bicep. Bloomberg says Apple’s overall goal remains to bring this technology to the Apple Watch.
This also makes CGM an interesting area to watch for potential patent litigation, given Apple’s recent struggles with medical applications for its technology. Both Masimo and AliveCor recently picked up huge victories over the tech giant around medical monitoring technology.
Between established players and relative newcomers to diabetes technology, plenty of news crossed the airwaves this year. But plenty of companies in their infancy can still make a big difference.
A few noteworthy examples include Diatech Diabetes and its SmartFusion infusion monitoring software. It detects insulin delivery failure and offers insights on how infusion performance affects diabetes management.
Delaware-based Medtech Concept develops a range of medical products for people with diabetes. Its diabetes management system combines digital health software with a market-tested, miniature therapeutic delivery device. The company aims to provide real improvements in the control of diabetes.
Orange Biomed develops its flagship OBM rapid A1c. This platform helps people manage their diabetes through HbA1c testing. The company believes that, despite HbA1c testing’s importance, there remains a lack of at-home monitoring for diabetic patients that offers the accuracy and precision of laboratory devices.
Keep an eye out for these companies and many more as they look to make their mark in the diabetes market.
Emergency department (ED) visits by adults with diabetes increased by more than 25% since 2012, with the highest rates among Blacks and those aged over 65 years, a new data brief from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics shows.
In 2021, diabetes was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, according to the brief, published online on December 19, 2023. Its frequency is increasing in young people, and increasing age is a risk factor for hospitalization.
The latest data show that in 2020-2021, the overall annual ED visit rate was 72.2 visits per 1000 adults with diabetes, with no significant difference in terms of sex (75.1 visits per 1000 women vs 69.1 visits per 1000 men). By race/ethnicity, Blacks had the highest rates, at 135.5 visits per 1000 adults, followed by Whites (69.9) and Hispanics (52.3). The rates increased with age for both women and men, and among the three race/ethnic groups.
Comorbidities Count
The most ED visits were made by patients with diabetes and two to four other chronic conditions (541.4 visits per 1000 visits). Rates for patients without other chronic conditions were the lowest (90.2).
Among individuals with diabetes aged 18-44 years, ED visit rates were the highest for those with two to four other chronic conditions (402.0) and lowest among those with five or more other conditions (93.8).
Among patients aged 45-64 years, ED visit rates were the highest for those with two to four other chronic conditions (526.4) and lowest for those without other conditions (87.7). In the 65 years and older group, rates were the highest for individuals with two to four other chronic conditions (605.2), followed by five or more conditions (217.7), one other condition (140.6), and no other conditions (36.5).
Notably, the ED visit rates for those with two to four or five or more other chronic conditions increased with age, whereas visits for those with no other chronic conditions or one other condition decreased with age.
Decade-Long Trend
ED visit rates among adults with diabetes increased throughout the past decade, from 48.6 visits per 1000 adults in 2012 to 74.9 per 1000 adults in 2021. Rates for those aged 65 and older were higher than all other age groups, increasing from 113.4 to 156.8. Increases were also seen among those aged 45-64 years (53.1 in 2012 to 89.2 in 2021) and 18-44 (20.9 in 2012 to 26.4 in 2016, then plateauing from 2016-2021).
Data are based on a sample of 4051 ED visits, representing about 18,238,000 average annual visits made by adults with diabetes to nonfederal, general, and short-stay hospitals during 2020-2021.
Taken together, these most recent estimates “show an increasing trend in rates by adults with diabetes in the ED setting,” the authors conclude.
Research around CKD and diabetes is evolving quickly. Because of this, KDIGO recently published an update to the Diabetes and Kidney Disease Guideline just 2 years after its previous update in 2022. Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure.1 It is hoped that a review of these new updates and guidelines can help nephrology providers better support and outcomes for their diabetic patients.
Both the 2020 and 2022 guidelines state that those with diabetes and CKD should receive a comprehensive and a holistic strategic approach to their care.1,2 It should be noted that the term “holistic” as used here in the guidelines is not referring to using alternative therapies as is commonly thought, but to have a team of providers that can collectively address multiple needs of the patient with diabetic CKD. This would include nutrition counseling, psychosocial support, patient education and empowerment, and regular communication from the various providers on their consistent and structured assessments of risk factors, complications, psychological stress, nutrition, drug adherence and self-monitoring.1 In clinical practice this might mean doctors’ offices expanding staff to include dietitians and social workers to have a more well-rounded team, much like the interdisciplinary team found in dialysis units. Where this is not possible, regular referrals to providers not currently present in the office with a process for regular communication could also serve this patient population well.
In diabetes as well as in kidney disease, the role of supporting heart health is increasingly coming to the forefront of clinical guidelines. The 2022 guidelines have updated the approach for kidney-heart risk factor management and recommends weight management as a foundational lifestyle and self-management point, and moved lipid management, glycemic and blood pressure control into the additional risk factor control category. This shift doesn’t change the importance or priority of these additional controls for risk factors, but rather clarifies best approaches for the individual patient once the foundational pieces of diet, exercise, weight, and smoking cessation are implemented, as well as the individualized recommendations for first-line drug therapy and medications for additional heart and kidney protection.1
Regarding protein recommendations, the current (and previous) guidelines recommend 0.8g/kg/d for those with CKD not on dialysis and 1.0-1.2g/kg/d for those on dialysis.1 This was primarily based on concerns for malnutrition, not for blood sugar management. Additionally, noting a lack of clinical trials on protein intake, the KDIGO workgroup based their recommendations on the current World Health Organization guidelines for protein intake for the general population.1 However, more recent updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate that diabetic patients with CKD who consumed <0.8g/kg/d experienced no signs of malnutrition while benefiting from improvement in cholesterol levels, proteinuria, and blood glucose control.3 This recommendation certainly warrants consistent review of the literature, even before more guidelines are updated to ensure the most appropriate care for diabetic CKD patients. Further, a dietitian trained in low-protein diets or very-low-protein diets for patients with CKD can provide valuable support to diabetic kidney patients looking for conservative kidney disease management, thus balancing the nutrition needs of the kidney disease and diabetes.
Continue Reading
The previous KDIGO nutrition guideline for the dietary pattern stands, that is, an individualized diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber, legumes, plant-based proteins, unsaturated fats and nuts, and low in processed meats, refined carbohydrates, and sweetened beverages.1,2 This is in harmony with many of the more recent publications eschewing the strict nutrient restrictions of the traditional renal diet and embracing heart healthy, whole foods diets, such as the Mediterranean diet.4 This is likely a relief to many health care providers and patients alike, as the conflicting diets have led to much frustration, confusion, and increased burden on patients who are simultaneously trying to follow renal and diabetic diets.
The 2022 KIDGO guidelines continue to recommend the use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) to support glucose control.1 CGMs can be instrumental in identifying other factors impacting glucose levels, such as: sleep, stress, food sensitivities, timing of meals and fiber intake. This provides highly individualized approaches that naturally allow for an interdisciplinary or holistic care approach. CGMs can also help with the overall goal of self-monitoring, patient education and empowerment.
The 2022 KDIGO guidelines are a significant step forward in treating chronic disease by considering the whole person, advocating for individualized care, and encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation and patient empowerment. As providers incorporate these guidelines into clinical practice, we will be better able to see the benefits of these approaches as well as other ways to adjust which helps to improve the lives and outcomes of those with diabetic kidney disease.
Changes in small blood vessels are a common consequence of diabetes development. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Munich have now developed a method that can be used to measure these microvascular changes in the skin – and thus assess the severity of the disease. To achieve this, they combine artificial intelligence (AI) and innovative high-resolution optoacoustic imaging technology.
Optoacoustic imaging methods use light pulses to generate ultrasound inside tissue. The ultrasound waves generated are then recorded by sensors and converted to images. The signals are caused by tiny expansions and contractions of tissue that surrounds molecules that strongly absorb light. One such molecule is hemoglobin. Since hemoglobin is concentrated in blood vessels, optoacoustic imaging can produce detailed unique images of vessels in ways not possible by other non-invasive techniques.
The basic principles of optoacoustics, or photoacoustics, are known for more than a century, but practical applications in medicine are fairly recent. Vasilis Ntziachristos is Professor of Biological Imaging at TUM and Director of the Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging and of the Bioengineering Center at Helmholtz Munich. Together with his team, he has developed a range of optoacoustic imaging methods, among them RSOM, short for “Raster-Scan Optoacoustic Mesoscopy”.
Nikoletta Katsouli / TUM
RSOM images of the skin of a healthy volunteer (left) and a patient with diabetes.
32 particularly significant changes
The researchers have now successfully employed RSOM to study the effects of diabetes on the human skin. Using RSOM images of the blood vessels in the legs of 75 diabetics and a control group, the researchers identified characteristics of diabetes using an AI algorithm. They created a list of 32 particularly significant changes based on alterations of the skin microvasculature appearance. These included features such as the number of branches of the vessels or their diameter.
RSOM allows for quick measurement of vascular changes
The fact that small blood vessels in the skin of diabetics are altered is well-established based on biopsies, i.e. examinations of small parts excised from the skin. Biopsies, however, do not accurately represent the living conditions since they may deform the blood vessels. They are also invasive and not suited for observations over an extended period of time. RSOM measurements, on the other hand, are not invasive, take less than a minute and do not rely on radiation or contrast agents. “Other optical methods do not achieve the depth or the detail reached by RSOM ” says Angelos Karlas, lead clinician in the study.
With a single RSOM measurement, data on different depths of the skin can be obtained simultaneously. This enabled the researchers to determine for the first time that diabetes affects vessels at different skin layers differently: For example, while the number of vessels and branches in the so-called dermal layer were reduced in diabetics, they were increased closer to the surface of the skin, in the so-called epidermal layer.
Assessing Diabetes stage by combining skin features
All the 32 characteristics mentioned above are affected by the progression and severity of the disease. Yet, only when they are combined and a score is calculated, a link can be drawn time between the condition of the small blood vessels in the skin and the severity of diabetes. This is achieved for the first time in the current study.
“With RSOM, we can now quantitatively describe the effects of diabetes,” says Vasilis Ntziachristos. “With the emerging ability to make RSOM portable and cost effective, these findings open up a new way for continuous monitoring of the status of those affected – more than 400 million people worldwide. In the future, with fast and painless examinations, it would take just a few minutes to determine whether therapies are having an effect, even at home environments.”
Further information and links
Prof. Ntziachristos heads the Biological Imaging group at TranslaTUM, the Center for Translational Cancer Research at TUM. In this interdisciplinary research institute, doctors work with colleagues from the fields of natural sciences and engineering on research into causes, diagnostics and potential treatments of cancerous diseases.
Prof. Ntziachristos has received numerous awards for his research, including the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Preis.
/Public Release. This material from the originating organization/author(s) might be of the point-in-time nature, and edited for clarity, style and length. Mirage.News does not take institutional positions or sides, and all views, positions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author(s).View in full here.
Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. (TNDM – Free Report) recently launched the updated t:slim X2 insulin pump software with Dexcom G7 Continuous Glucose Monitoring (“CGM”) integration in the United States. This marks the company’s flagship pump platform, t:slim X2, with the Control-IQ technology, to be the only automated insulin delivery (AID) system in the world to feature Dexcom’s most advanced CGM technology.
Tandem Diabetes’ product innovations are helping expand its reach into different customer segments of the market beyond where it operates, providing additional choices to new and existing customers to manage their diabetes. The launch of the Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump integrated with Dexcom G7 further demonstrates the company’s commitment to continued leadership in advancing AID systems.
News in Detail
With the integration of Dexcom G7, t:slim X2 insulin pump, users can now spend more time in a closed loop with little to no wait time between Dexcom G7 CGM sensor sessions. The users are allowed even more choices in their diabetes management, with the option of using either a Dexcom G6 or a Dexcom G7 CGM sensor.
The Dexcom G7 sensor is 60 percent smaller than its predecessor, Dexcom G6, and offers a range of new features. Apart from being the most accurate, the new, discreet sensor is also the fastest CGM connected to the t:slim X2 pump, with a 30-minute sensor warmup time compared to two hours previously. Dexcom G7 also features a 12-hour grace period to replace the finished sensors for a more seamless transition between sessions and flexibility when changing sensors.
Tandem Diabetes will email instructions to all in-warranty t:slim X2 users in the United States to offer the option to add the new feature free of charge via remote software update. Pre-loaded with the updated software, t:slim X2 pumps are now being shipped to new customers.
Significance of the Launch
The Tandem Diabetes-Dexcom collaboration has entered its 10th year, and the company is focused on sustaining the rapid pace of innovation to further its mission of helping improve the lives of people with diabetes. With the latest offering, Tandem Diabetes now provides more than 300,000 current t:slim X2 users the ability to integrate with Dexcom’s most advanced CGM technology.
Outside the United States, the t:slim X2 pump with Dexcom G7 integration is expected to be launched in additional countries in early 2024.
Industry Prospects
Per a Research report, the AID system market was valued at $749.2 million in 2022 and is expected to witness a CAGR of 9.8% by 2030.
Bright Prospects of Product Innovations
It has been a transitional time for Tandem Diabetes as it prepares for its next phase of growth through the expansion of its technology offerings. The company is executing several near-term product launches while implementing scalable systems and processes to support its global operations and leverage the infrastructure.
Apart from G7, Tandem Mobi is also preparing for the launch of the t:slim X2 integration with the Abbott FreeStyle Libre 2 sensor. This new integrated offering is an incredible accomplishment, bringing the benefits of AID technology to Abbott’s customers in the United States for the first time.
In addition, Tandem Mobi is leading the way in creating a whole new category of devices for insulin therapy. The anticipation around the novel miniaturized durable pump has started to build and is already generating incredible interest among healthcare providers, people using multiple daily injections and current pumpers. Management is set to begin Mobi’s scaled launch with a limited release in the fourth quarter, followed by broad availability in early 2024.
Price Performance
In the past six months, TNDM shares have declined 8% compared with the industry’s fall of 6.2%.
Zacks Rank and Key Picks
Tandem Diabetes Care currently carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold).
Haemonetics’ stock has decreased 1.9% in the past year. Earnings estimates for Haemonetics have increased from $3.86 to $3.89 in 2023 and $4.11 to $4.15 in 2024 in the past 30 days.
HAE’s earnings beat estimates in each of the trailing four quarters, delivering an average surprise of 16.1%. In the last reported quarter, it posted an earnings surprise of 5.3%.
Estimates for Insulet’s 2023 earnings per share have increased from $1.85 to $1.91 in the past 30 days. Shares of the company have dropped 37.6% in the past year compared with the industry’s decline of 6%.
PODD’s earnings surpassed estimates in all the trailing four quarters, the average surprise being 105.1%. In the last reported quarter, it delivered an average earnings surprise of 77.5%.
Estimates for DexCom’s 2023 earnings per share have increased from $1.41 to $1.43 in the past seven days and to $1.44 in the past 30 days. Shares of the company have decreased 4% in the past year compared with the industry’s decline of 6.5%.
DXCM’s earnings surpassed estimates in all the trailing four quarters, the average surprise being 36.4%. In the last reported quarter, it delivered an average earnings surprise of 47.1%.
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(WYTV)- A drug we use to treat diabetes could soon have another use.
Researchers at the Cleveland Clinic found it may also be able to help reduce the risk of heart trouble in those who are not diabetic.
Could patients who are overweight or obese who don’t have diabetes find a benefit in this drug called semaglutide? Yes.
We know it worked in those with diabetes, able to reduce the risk for cardiovascular events by about 20%. The results are promising and could pave the way for future treatments.
“So, this marks the first intervention, either a lifestyle or a pharmacologic intervention, that’s ever been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients who are overweight and obese but don’t have diabetes,” said Dr. Michael Lincoff of the Cleveland Clinic.
The diabetic drug seems to work best in adults who are 45 and older, considered overweight or obese, not diabetic, and who have previously had a cardiovascular event.
The drug is available now but the Food and Drug Administration still has to review it for this extra use.
The following is a summary of “Diabetes mellitus and latent tuberculosis infection: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review,” published in the November 2023 issue of Infectious Disease by Zhou et al.
Prior research has established a connection between diabetes mellitus (DM) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), motivating this investigation to enhance our comprehension of this association.
Researchers initiated a retrospective study employing a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the connection between DM and LTBI and establish a valuable reference point for future research.
They performed thorough searches across Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed without imposing any initial date or language limitations (July 19, 2022). This involved observational research comparing LTBI rates in DM and non-DM groups, reporting aRR or aOR results. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled effect estimates with 95% CI were calculated via random-effects models.
The results showed 22 studies with a total of 68,256 subjects. Among these, three cohort studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding a combined aRR of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.71–2.23). Additionally, 19 cross-sectional studies showed a combined aOR 1.21 (95% CI: 1.14–1.29). The pooled estimate for the crude RR (cRR) from the three cohort studies was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.03–2.57). Among the cross-sectional studies in the analysis, 16 provided crude ORs, resulting in a combined crude OR (cOR) estimate of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36–1.97). When comparing the diagnosis of diabetes, the pooled aOR for the HbA1c group exceeded that of the self-reported group (pooled aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.24–1.96 vs. 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.28).
They concluded that DM was linked to an increased risk of LTBI, necessitating further research and tailored public health measures.
Con motivo del Día Mundial de la Diabetes, que se celebra el 14 de noviembre, se recogen a continuación algunas claves para mejorar la redacción de las informaciones relacionadas con esta enfermedad metabólica crónica.
1. Diabetes, sin tilde
El término diabetes es una palabra llana y terminada en ese, por lo cual se escribe sin tilde. Según el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, se desaconseja la acentuación esdrújula (diábetes), que se oye en ocasiones en algunos países, y otras formas como diabetis.
2.La denominación«diabetes mellitus», con minúscula
Diabetes es la forma abreviada del nombre completo de la enfermedad, «diabetes mellitus», escrita así, en minúsculas, como los nombres de todas las enfermedades, con mellitus con doble ele y en cursiva por ser el nombre latino: «La diabetes mellitus es un problema de salud pública a escala mundial».
3. Prediabetes, en una palabra
El prefijopre-, que se utiliza en la formación de nombres y adjetivos, se escribe unido a la palabra a la que acompaña, sin espacio ni guion intermedios: prediabetes, y no pre diabetes ni pre-diabetes.
4. Insulinodependiente, término válido
El Diccionario de la lengua española recoge el adjetivo insulinodependiente con el significado de ‘que precisa de la administración de insulina’ y señala que también es posible usarlo como sustantivo aplicado a personas: un/unainsulinodependiente. Por su parte, el Diccionario de términos médicos, de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España, advierte que es incorrecta la forma insulín-dependiente.
5. Células madre, plural recomendado
En las noticias relacionadas con las investigaciones para mejorar la vida de los pacientes, es común el uso de la construcción células madre. En este caso, al igual que ocurre con otros sustantivos en aposición, lo habitual es mantener madre invariable en plural (y no emplear células madres).
6. Azúcar, válido en masculino y en femenino
Azúcar es un sustantivo ambiguo, es decir, se puede emplear como masculino o femenino: el azúcar, la azúcar. Si no lo acompaña ningún adjetivo, es mayoritario el empleo del masculino, mientras que, si lleva un adjetivo, predomina el femenino. En plural, lleve o no adjetivo, prevalece el empleo en masculino. Otra singularidad del término azúcar es que, sin empezar por a tónica, acepta el uso del artículo el combinado con un adjetivo femenino: «Los carbohidratos, principalmente el azúcar refinada, reducen la actividad del cerebro».
Nikoletta Katsouli / TUM 
