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Obesity is a serious problem worldwide, with over 4 million deaths yearly due to being overweight or obese. Even children are affected, with rates increasing dramatically since 1975. Nicola Hawley, from Yale, studies how obesity affects maternal and child health. She and her colleague, Courtney Choy, have been studying obesity in Samoa for almost ten years, focusing on child health in the Pacific.
A new study by Choy and Hawley revealed a significant rise in overweight or obese Samoan children, doubling from 16% to 36% between 2015 and 2020. In their latest research, published in Pediatric Obesity, they found alarming rates of diabetes and high blood pressure in children as young as 6 to 9 years old. About one in ten children showed signs of prediabetes. However, specific early growth patterns could predict these health issues, aiding clinicians in identifying children who may require intervention.
Choy, the study’s lead author, said, “Those worrisome levels in and of themselves motivate us to continue our work and better understand the state of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in Samoa.”
Obesity is one part of malnutrition, with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies being the other, says WHO. Factors like imported, low-nutrient foods, and rising costs of local produce contribute to obesity in Samoa. Modernization has led to less active lifestyles and poorer diets.
Only a tiny percentage of women maintain a healthy weight in Samoa. Hawley and Choy’s study is the first to assess childhood heart and metabolic risks in a nation with high adult obesity rates. Their long-term study could help pinpoint the best times and methods for interventions against adult diseases.
The study began nine years ago with Samoa’s Ministry of Health, the Bureau of Statistics, and the Ministry of Women, Community, and Social Development. Choy, initially a YSPH student, recruited participants during her summer MPH internship with Samoa’s Ministry of Health. She continued the project with a Fulbright fellowship and later as a PhD at Brown University, funded by the NIH. An NIH K99 grant now supports Choy’s research. Her focus on Pacific health stems from her upbringing in Hawai’i.
Choy and Hawley, both at Yale, met early on. Hawley admires Choy’s determination and transition from student to independent investigator. They share a passion for improving health in Samoa.
Hawley and Choy’s study in Samoa examines how social and cultural factors affect children’s well-being. They aim to develop interventions by understanding what works best at different ages and how to prevent adult diseases.
After collecting data, Choy shares findings with village participants and engages children by involving them in the process. Next, they plan to gather participants’ input to address risk factors related to obesity, diabetes, and other health issues, ensuring children can achieve their aspirations.
Hawley and Choy’s study gives valuable insights into childhood well-being in Samoa. By understanding the social and cultural context, they aim to develop effective interventions to promote health and prevent diseases in children, thus enabling them to realize their dreams.
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Patients with lactose intolerance are usually advised to avoid milk. However, many still consume dairy products despite experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms. Surprisingly, this “unreasonable” strategy may have the benefit of reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes, as shown in a recent American study.
“At first glance, the statement of the study seems counterintuitive,” said Robert Wagner, MD, head of the Clinical Studies Center at the German Diabetes Center-Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. “However, lactose intolerance has different manifestations.” Less severely affected individuals often consume milk and tolerate discomfort such as bloating or abdominal pain. “It is precisely these individuals that the study clearly shows have a lower incidence of diabetes associated with milk consumption,” said Wagner.
The effect of milk consumption on diabetes, among other factors, has been repeatedly studied in nutritional studies, with sometimes heterogeneous results in different countries. The reason for this is presumed to be that in Asia, most people — 60%-100% — are lactose intolerant, whereas in Europe, only as much as 40% of the population has lactose intolerance.
The authors, led by Kai Luo, PhD, research fellow in the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, New York, did not mention lactose tolerance and intolerance in their paper in Nature Metabolism. Instead, they divided the study population into lactase-persistent and non-lactase-persistent participants.
“Not being lactase-persistent does not necessarily exclude the ability to consume a certain amount of lactose,” said Lonneke Janssen Duijghuijsen, PhD, a nutrition scientist at Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands. “Studies have shown that many individuals who lack lactase can still consume up to 12 g of lactose per day — equivalent to the amount in a large glass of milk — without experiencing intolerance symptoms.”
Luo and his colleagues analyzed data from 12,653 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an ongoing prospective cohort study involving adults with Hispanic backgrounds. It collects detailed information on nutrition and the occurrence of diseases.
The authors examined whether the study participants were lactase-persistent or non-lactase-persistent and how frequently they consumed milk. They also analyzed the gut microbiome and various metabolites in the blood over a median follow-up period of 6 years.
The data analysis showed that higher milk consumption in non-lactase-persistent participants — but not in lactase-persistent participants — is associated with about a 30% reduced risk for type 2 diabetes when socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors are accounted for. Comparable results were obtained by Luo and his colleagues with data from the UK Biobank, which served as validation.
A higher milk consumption was associated not only with a lower diabetes risk in non-lactase-persistent individuals but also with a lower body mass index. “This could be one of the factors behind the diabetes protection,” said Wagner. “However, no formal mediation analyses were conducted in the study.”
Luo’s team primarily attributed the cause of the observed association between milk consumption and diabetes risk to the gut. Increased milk intake was also associated with changes in the gut microbiome. For example, there was an enrichment of Bifidobacterium, while Prevotella decreased. Changes were also observed in the circulating metabolites in the blood, such as an increase in indole-3-propionate and a decrease in branched-chain amino acids.
These metabolites, speculated the authors, could be more intensely produced by milk-associated bacteria and might be causally related to the association between milk consumption and reduced risk for type 2 diabetes in non-lactase-persistent individuals. “The authors have not been able to provide precise evidence of these mediators, but one possible mediator of these effects could be short-chain fatty acids, which can directly or indirectly influence appetite, insulin action, or liver fat beneficially,” said Wagner.
For Janssen Duijghuijsen, the conclusion that milk consumption can influence the composition of the microbiome and thus the metabolic profile, especially in individuals without lactase persistence, is plausible.
“Individuals with lactase persistence efficiently digest lactose and absorb the resulting galactose and glucose molecules in the small intestine. In contrast, in non-lactase-persistent individuals, lactase is not expressed in the brush border of the small intestine. As a result, lactose remains undigested in the colon and can serve as an energy source for gut bacteria. This can influence the composition of the microbiome, which in turn can alter the concentration of circulating metabolites,” she said.
Janssen Duijghuijsen has investigated the effect of lactose intake on the microbiome. In a recently published study, she also showed that increasing lactose intake by non-lactase-persistent individuals leads to changes in the microbiome, including an increase in Bifidobacteria.
“In line with the current study, we also found a significant increase in fecal β-galactosidase activity. Given the close relationship between the composition of the gut microbiome and the metabolite profile, it is likely that changes in one can affect the other,” said Janssen Duijghuijsen.
The nutrition scientist warned against concluding that milk consumption can protect against type 2 diabetes in non-lactase-persistent individuals, however. “The study suggests a statistical association between milk consumption, certain metabolites, and the frequency of type 2 diabetes. These associations do not provide definitive evidence of a causal relationship,” she said. Any dietary recommendations cannot be derived from the study; much more research is needed for that.
This story was translated from the Medscape German edition using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.
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A two-step screening, using a risk score and biomarkers, can identify patients with diabetes at a higher risk for heart failure who will most likely benefit from preventive drugs.
“Matching effective but expensive preventive therapies to the highest-risk individuals who are most likely to benefit would be an efficient and cost-effective strategy for heart failure prevention,” the authors wrote.
The study led by Kershaw Patel of the Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, was published online in Circulation.
The study findings may not be generalized, as the study included older adults with a high burden of comorbidities. This study may have missed some individuals with diabetes by defining it with fasting plasma glucose, which was consistently available across cohort studies, instead of with the limited A1c data. Moreover, the screening strategies used did not consider other important prognostic factors, such as diabetes duration and socioeconomic status.
Two authors declared receiving research support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Several authors disclosed financial relationships with multiple pharmaceutical device and medical publishing companies in the form of receiving personal fees; serving in various capacities such as consultants, members of advisory boards, steering committees, or executive committees; and other ties.
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Kelly Clarkson decided to drop the pounds after being told she was pre-diabetic.
The 41-year-old singer was forced to explain her weight loss after it was rumoured she used weight-loss injections such as Ozempic, however, she has denied this to be the case, and revealed the health warning from her doctor was behind the shred.
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The Evaluation of Diabetic Patients’ Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Complications in the Western Region of … Cureus
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Artificial intelligence (AI) boosts the screening rate for potentially blinding diabetes eye disorders in a diabetes clinic compared with referral to an eye care provider (ECP) in a racially and ethnically diverse youth population with diabetes.
“Autonomous AI increases diabetic eye exam completion rates and closes this care gap in a racially and ethnically diverse population of youth with diabetes, compared to standard of care,” the authors wrote.
This study, which was led by Risa M. Wolf, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, was published online on January 11, 2024, in Nature Communications.
This study used autonomous AI in the youth although it’s not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in individuals aged 21 years and younger. Some of the participants in this study were already familiar with autonomous AI diabetic eye exams, which might have contributed to their willingness to participate in the current study. The autonomous AI used in the study was shown to have a lack of racial and ethnic bias, but any AI bias caused by differences in retinal pigment has potential to increase rather than decrease health disparities.
The clinical trial was supported by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Diabetes Research Connection. Wolf, the lead author, declared receiving research support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk outside the submitted work. Co-author Michael D. Abramoff declared serving in various roles such as investor, director, and consultant for Digital Diagnostics Inc., as well as other ties with many sources.
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Latest Study Forecasts Global Diabetes Therapeutics and Diagnostics Market to Surge to $132 Billion by 2028, Growing at a 5.2% CAGR
BOSTON, Jan. 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — The global market for diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics is experiencing remarkable growth, poised to reach $132.0 billion by 2028. Fueled by increasing diabetes prevalence and technological advancements, this market is at the forefront of healthcare innovation. In this overview, we explore the key factors propelling its expansion, highlighting the intersection of research, pharmaceutical development, and diagnostic technologies shaping the landscape of diabetes management worldwide. Join us as we navigate the dynamic trends and impactful solutions driving the global markets for diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics.
“According to the latest research study, the demand for Global Markets for Diabetes Therapeutics and Diagnostics to increase from $102.2 billion in 2023 to reach $132.0 billion by 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2023 through 2028.”
This comprehensive report delves into the far-reaching implications of current trends within the diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics market, offering insights into the market’s size, growth trajectory, and its impact on both global and key national markets. A thorough exploration of pharmaceutical and medical industry players is provided, including profiles of industry leaders and updates on mergers and acquisitions. The report further includes a detailed discussion on competitive intelligence, innovative technologies, market dynamics, and regional opportunities. Notably, it furnishes five-year global sales forecasts for leading drug and device categories, complemented by country-level breakdowns. The analysis extends to major players’ recent developments and product portfolios, with a keen focus on patent analysis to highlight technological trends across the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The market analysis culminates in estimates of the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics market. Geographically, the report segments the global market into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Rest of the World, utilizing 2022 as the base year for market estimates, projecting through year-end 2028.
The Diabetes Delivery Devices segment has experienced exceptional growth, particularly fueled by technological advancements like implantable insulin delivery pumps and external insulin pumps. Notably, the integration of wireless technology and miniaturization in medical device components is anticipated to spur innovation in diabetes care devices, thereby propelling market growth throughout the forecast period. The adoption of cutting-edge technologies such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics in device manufacturing is contributing to reduced operating costs and enhanced product quality. Within the Asia Pacific region, India stands out with the highest growth rate, propelled by supportive government policies, increased awareness about diabetes, and the presence of dedicated associations and societies for diabetes control and monitoring. This growth trajectory positions India as a key player in the region, potentially surpassing the pace observed in the U.S. and other nations in the Asia Pacific region.
Discover More: Dive into the Details of the Global Markets for Diabetes Therapeutics and Diagnostics Market’s Growth Trajectory and Future Prospects. Click Here to Learn More
Driving forces behind the global markets for diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics market’s insights growth comprises:
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Report Synopsis
|
Report Metrics |
Details |
|
Base year considered |
2022 |
|
Forecast Period considered |
2023-2028 |
|
Base year market size |
$97.3 billion |
|
Market Size Forecast |
$132.0 billion |
|
Growth Rate |
CAGR of 5.2% for the forecast period of 2023-2028 |
|
Segment Covered |
Product Group, End-User, and Region |
|
Regions covered |
North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of the World (RoW). |
|
Countries covered |
U.S., Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, U.K., Italy, Spain, China, India, and Japan |
|
Key Market Drivers |
• Increasing incidence & prevalence of diabetes • Changing lifestyle habits • Growing geriatric population • Increase in prevalence of chronic diseases |
The Rising Demand for Global Markets for Diabetes Therapeutics and Diagnostics:
The escalating demand for global markets in diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics is indicative of the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the imperative for advanced healthcare solutions. With the market projected to reach $132.0 billion by 2028, the surge is fueled by a combination of technological innovations, heightened awareness, and the continuous pursuit of more effective treatment and diagnostic options. The escalating demand is not only a testament to the growing burden of diabetes but also underscores the vital role of pharmaceutical advancements and diagnostic technologies in addressing this global health challenge. As countries grapple with rising diabetes rates, the demand for cutting-edge therapeutics and diagnostics is a driving force propelling this market’s growth, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive solutions to better manage and combat the diabetes epidemic on a worldwide scale.
Trends and Innovations:
The landscape of global markets for diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics is shaped by dynamic trends and ongoing innovations. Notably, the Diabetes Delivery Devices segment has witnessed remarkable growth, propelled by technological advancements like implantable insulin delivery pumps and external insulin pumps. The integration of wireless technology and miniaturization in medical device components is fostering innovation in diabetes care, while 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics are driving manufacturing efficiency. Amidst these trends, India stands out in the Asia Pacific region with the highest growth rate, supported by government policies, heightened diabetes awareness, and dedicated associations. These trends underscore a transformative era in diabetes management, where technological advancements and strategic initiatives converge to address the evolving needs of patients and healthcare systems globally.
Challenges and Opportunities:
The global markets for diabetes therapeutics and diagnostics present a landscape of both challenges and opportunities. The increasing prevalence of diabetes poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems globally, necessitating innovative and scalable solutions. Rising healthcare costs, coupled with the complexities of managing chronic conditions, contribute to the challenges faced by the industry. However, within these challenges lie significant opportunities for growth and improvement. Technological advancements offer the potential for more efficient and effective diabetes management, from innovative therapies to advanced diagnostic tools. Additionally, the growing awareness of diabetes and proactive government policies present opportunities for market expansion, especially in regions like India, where a higher growth rate is anticipated. Successfully navigating these challenges and leveraging the opportunities can lead to transformative breakthroughs in diabetes care, benefiting both patients and the broader healthcare ecosystem.
This report on the Global Markets for Diabetes Therapeutics and Diagnostics provides comprehensive insights and analysis, addressing the following key questions:
The market is expected to witness an increase from $97.2 billion in 2022 to $132.0 billion by 2028, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% throughout the forecast period.
The market is experiencing growth driven by the increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetes, advancements in technology related to diabetes treatment and diagnostics, and strategic initiatives undertaken by major players in developed nations.
The market is categorized based on product group, end-user, and region.
The Diabetes Therapeutics segment is anticipated to dominate the market by the end of 2028.
North America boasts the highest market share in this sector.
Key players in the market encompass Novo Nordisk A/S, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, AstraZeneca, Abbott, Merck & Co., Inc., Sanofi, Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic, and others.
Some of the Key Market Players Are:
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Advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) systems improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, according to a prospective evaluation by 16 diabetes specialists in Spain. The current hybrid closed-loop systems have gone one step further by mimicking the body’s natural insulin delivery systems.
The objective of this evaluation was to analyze the results of two AHCLs currently on the market (MM780G with SmartGuard and Tandem t:slimX2 with Control-IQ) and to determine their real-life benefits, based on the information provided by the patients.
“The evaluation involved 150 patients from 14 centers, 75 for each system, and lasted for 3 months. An initial evaluation was carried out, and another was done at the end of the 3 months to determine diabetes control and user satisfaction. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), time in different glycemic ranges, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed. To take quality of life into consideration, a 146-point questionnaire was completed to assess all aspects of the condition at a later stage,” Pilar Beato, MD, specialist in endocrinology and nutrition at Badajoz University Hospital in Spain, told Univadis Spain.
The study enrolled adolescent and adult men and women with type 1 diabetes who had not previously been treated with AHCL. After analysis of the results, the specialists concluded that the two AHCLs provide a significant improvement in glucose control. Neither AHCL was superior. Interestingly, the improvement in diabetes-related anxiety was the greatest in Control-IQ users. But there were no differences in improvement in sleep quality.
Beato, the lead study author, said that “there have been other previous analyses, but none with a prospective joint assessment with the same design. Our results demonstrate that both systems are highly effective, reduce glycosylated hemoglobin, and improve all quality-of -life parameters evaluated. The results are comparable as different health centers took part. All experts taking part belong to the Spanish Diabetes Society’s applied technology in diabetes task force. The choice of which AHCL to use will depend on the specialists and availability at each site. User preferences should also be considered as the devices may have individual features making one or the other more convenient for a given individual. But based on our data, there is no clinical indication to choose one over the other.”
The concept of the two systems analyzed is the same: They both have a glucose sensor that is constantly taking measurements, and both send the information in real time to the system algorithms that decide how much insulin should be supplied, thereby controlling glucose highs and lows. They differ in the design of the system components and in the engineering of the algorithms. But the important thing is that the information for managing an individual’s diabetes and the amount of insulin they need is obtained from the patient himself or herself. Making the systems automated addresses and corrects glucose variability itself even within a single day, as multiple factors such as food, nerves, or sports can affect glucose levels.
“Initial training and support are needed in the event of an incident or problem, but it does not necessarily require more consultation time as they are automated systems and are capable of automatically resolving glucose spikes that may occur in an individual. This may even involve less consultation time. Naturally, patients must continue to be monitored by endocrinology with some regularity,” said Beato.
These technologies are endorsed by international scientific societies that are seeing more and more advantages of such devices. The societies therefore recommend that closed-loop hybrid systems be the standard of care in people with type 1 diabetes as they are more effective than conventional multidose insulin therapy. They have been recommended by the American Diabetes Association since 2022 and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines since January 2023, among others.
Beato regrets that the use of these devices is not widespread in Spain. “We don’t have data about the percentage of people using them, but we get the impression that this number is low and not enough. We need a boost and to break down some barriers such as cost. The devices will ultimately reduce the cost of diabetes control as they are designed to provide better glucose control. They will reduce admissions for complications such as diabetic retinopathy or hypoglycaemia. They will also reduce absence from school and work. In the future, I’m sure the systems will be smaller, which will suit users better.”
This article was translated from Univadis Spain, which is part of the Medscape Professional Network.
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Recent advances in the field of diabetes treatment have led to a trial comparing the efficacy of two antidiabetic drugs: semaglutide and dapagliflozin. The randomized open-label trial, published in Nature, aimed to understand their effects on patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those with severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD) or severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD). The study discovered that semaglutide induced a larger reduction in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than dapagliflozin, especially in those with SIDD.
Interestingly, the study found no significant interaction between the drug assignment and the SIDD or SIRD subgroup. Instead, continuous pathophysiological variables such as baseline HbA1c and insulin secretion were more informative in predicting treatment response. These variables, along with body mass index, blood pressure, and insulin resistance measures, were useful in identifying patients likely to benefit most in terms of glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors by adding semagliflozin or dapagliflozin.
Further research in Pharmacological Research evaluated the impact of combining dapagliflozin and oral semaglutide in type 2 diabetes patients. This combination therapy outperformed dapagliflozin alone by reducing glycated hemoglobin by 1.2% while improving body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels. The combination achieved 55% glycated hemoglobin near-normalization, suggesting it may induce type 2 diabetes pharmacological remission in over 50% of patients.
A related study on the combination therapy of dapagliflozin and semaglutide in PRECARE2 noted its superior efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes. The more significant reduction in HbA1c levels with the combination therapy suggests a promising approach to type 2 diabetes management, potentially changing clinical practices. This therapy offers an effective avenue for managing type 2 diabetes by significantly reducing blood sugar levels and improving other health indicators.
A population-based cohort study in JAMA Network Open investigated the outcomes of SGLT 2i and GLP 1RA therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes, varied by the presence or absence of NAFLD. The study found that both therapies were associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes, regardless of NAFLD status. Specifically, SGLT 2i therapy was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization for heart failure, supporting current guidelines that recommend GLP 1RA as the first line of therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
The findings of these trials highlight the potential for personalized treatment in diabetes, providing valuable insights for future clinical and scientific work in precision medicine. Continuous pathophysiological variables could be more informative in predicting treatment response than stratified subgroups, suggesting a need for a more nuanced approach in diabetes treatment. As our understanding of the disease deepens, we move closer to a future where each patient’s treatment can be tailored according to their unique physiology, bringing us one step closer to the reality of precision medicine in diabetes care.
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